Version 1 Answer Key

1.	Vegetable consumption is associated with a reduction in loss of cognitive function in elderly people. No association was seen for fruit consumption.
2.	No; not an experiment.
3.	C
4.	A
5.	The difference between the candidates’ values was within the m.o.e. of the polls.
6.	In a controlled experiment for which the hypothesis was made in advance, the data support the hypothesis, and the difference between experimental and control groups is too large to be plausibly attributed to chance alone.
7.	C
8.	E
9.	simple random sample
10.	Assign numbers 01 to 15 to the students. Take digits 2 at a time from a random digit table, ignoring 16-99 and 00. Take the first 5 students so indicated, ignoring repeats.
11.	anecdotal data (teenage suicide makes a huge impact, tends to be reported widely, and affects many people)
12.	refrigerated solution pumped through a balloon in an attempt to relieve stomach ulcer suffering
13.	Some people receiving the gastric freezing did indeed feel better. However, we cannot know how much of this was real and how much was merely placebo effect unless we compare against a control group.
14.	undercoverage